• Epac proteins consist of a

  2020-06-19

  

  Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac\'s enzymatic a

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2020-06-19

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• A decrease in heme levels

  2020-06-19

  

  A decrease in heme levels enables the phosphorylation of eIF2α by HRI and thereby inhibition of eIF2α activity. Indeed, the relatively small change in cytosolic heme levels in SZ ruthenium red showed downstream functional consequences manifested by almost 50% elevation in the phosphorylation of eIF

• br Results br Discussion Drug resistance poses the greatest

  2020-06-19

  

  Results Discussion Drug resistance poses the greatest hurdle of achieving high efficacy with AADs in cancer patients. AAD-treated cancer patients often encounter intrinsic and evasive drug resistance that diminishes the therapeutic efficacy to only minor survival benefits in most cancer types.

• While lowering the TID exposure

  2020-06-19

  

  While lowering the TID exposure of electronics is fairly straightforward, there are other 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin induced effects that are not as easily mitigated, especially with COTS components. Single Event Effects (SEE) occur when a high-energy particle strikes the active area of an integ

• DIDS Does hydroxylation of proline have a specific

  2020-06-19

  

  Does hydroxylation of proline have a specific role in the structure and function of the conotoxins? Several studies in the literature provide insights into the role of proline hydroxylation in the Conus peptides. The consequences of proline hydroxylation on oxidative folding and biological activity

• Fmoc-D-Lys(Boc)-OH It would be very useful if unphosphorylat

  2020-06-19

  

  It would be very useful if unphosphorylated CK1s could be prepared using an E. coli expression system without the troublesome in vitro phosphatase treatment. So far, it has been shown that coexpressed λPPase, a Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase that can dephosphorylate phospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr [20,21],

• br Conclusions and future perspectives It

  2020-06-19

  

  Conclusions and future perspectives It is now evident that selective ETA or nonselective endothelin receptor antagonism provides therapeutic potentials against a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, PAH, and diabetic microvascular dysfunction (Fig. 1). However, PAH is currentl

• Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that

  2020-06-19

  

  Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that has tissue-specific effects that differ from those of tamoxifen. Raloxifene was marketed for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in the US and Europe. In a phase II randomized double-blind study, tamoxifen and raloxifene were e

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2020-06-18

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a Grant for the Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities S1101017 organized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP22560209 and JP5K05842. The

• Cell swelling stimulates the release

  2020-06-18

  

  Cell swelling stimulates the release of certain amino acids, in particular the non-protein amino WIKI4 synthesis taurine, via a pathway which has the characteristics of a channel rather than a carrier [54], [69]. Indeed, on the basis of pharmacological inhibition, it was suggested that volume-activ

• br Introduction The development of non melanoma skin cancer

  2020-06-18

  

  Introduction The development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a complex process characterized by the acquisition of altered proliferation and invasiveness. These changes are classically defined as occurring in stages, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression. In the two-stage model of in

• Only a few studies have examined the effect of

  2020-06-18

  

  Only a few studies have examined the effect of prostanoids on cardiac fibroblasts. Therefore, this study examines the effect of PGE2 on cardiac fibroblast proliferation and tests the hypothesis that PGE2 causes cardiac fibroblast proliferation via alterations of aromatase inhibitor regulatory molec

• TC 14012 It was reported that the expressions of DPP and

  2020-06-18

  

  It was reported that the expressions of DPP-4 and SDF-1α increase through HIF-1α [27], [28]. Myocardial ischemia by MI enhanced the DPP-4 and SDF-1α levels in myocardium in the present study. SDF-1α is released from cardiomyocytes and has beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes through SDF-1α/CXCR4 aft

• br Introduction Lycium barbarum also known

  2020-06-18

  

  Introduction Lycium barbarum, also known as wolfberry, belongs to the plant family Solanaceae. Red-coloured fruits of L. barbarum are used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine to promote health and longevity and as a food supplement for thousands of years [1]. They possess many biological activ

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