• The sequence of our reconstructed Anc is inferred

  2024-04-02

  

  The sequence of our reconstructed βAnc is inferred based on probabilities, and the estimated probability of inferring the actual ancestral sequence is the product of the posterior probabilities for each site within the reconstructed sequence. Although the posterior probabilities (PP) for the majorit

• br Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank

  2024-04-02

  

  Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms. Ashley Davis for her administrative assistance in preparing this article and Mr. Dan Beck for his artistic contributions to Fig. 1. Introduction Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of insec

• Conessine Acknowledgments br P c is expressed in several

  2024-04-02

  

  Acknowledgments P450c17 is expressed in several steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenal cortex, the ovary, and the testes (). Thus, 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase is a key enzyme required for the production of both cortisol and sex steroids. This enzyme defect blocks the synthesis of cortisol,

• br Autophagy at the Synapse The

  2024-04-02

  

  Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that forms the basic unit of communication between neurons. Communication relies on electrical signals that are propagated down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, where they trigger the quantal release of neurotran

• br Autophagy in cancer br Phytochemicals

  2024-04-02

  

  Autophagy in cancer Phytochemicals as a valuable source of autophagy modulation agents Epidemiological studies demonstrated that there is a strong association between diet and human cancer mortality so that daily consumption of phytochemicals declines the incidence of different types of cancer

• We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase

  2024-04-02

  

  We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase of ASK1 activation that was associated to the exacerbation of hepatocyte and liver damage and was unrelated to ER stress. Indeed, several settings, also different to ER stress, can induce ASK1 activation and many of them involve oxidative

• It is now well established that the

  2024-04-02

  

  It is now well established that the cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogens throughout a woman's life, mainly due to her reproductive history, has an impact on the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer (Lambertini et al., 2016). Prolonged exposure to estrogens in the case of early age at menar

• br Secreted enzymes Only two secreted

  2024-04-02

  

  Secreted enzymes Only two secreted S. aureus enzymes reportedly induce apoptosis, namely, staphylococcal staphopain B (SspB) and coagulase. SspB selectively cleaved CD11b/CD18 integrin and induced an apoptosis-like cell death in neutrophils and monocytes (Smagur et al., 2009). Neutrophils or mono

• In glucose stimulated pancreatic cells B Raf

  2024-04-02

  

  In glucose-stimulated pancreatic β-cells, B-Raf activity is increased, while Raf-1 activity is under the detection limit (Duan and Cobb, 2010). Thus, B-Raf is the primary protein kinase involved in the rapid activation of ERK1/2 in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells. Expression of a dominant-negativ

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2024-04-01

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21376172, 21528601 and 21621004) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Contract No. 16JCZDJC32300). Introduction Alzheimer’s disease

• Recent results suggest that TARPs are not

  2024-04-01

  

  Recent results suggest that TARPs are not the only auxiliary AMPAR subunits. Using a proteomic strategy (affinity purification of native AMPAR complexes followed by mass-spectrometric analysis), cornichon-related proteins (CNIHs) have been recently identified as components of the AMPAR protein micro

• br Experimental section br Introduction

  2024-04-01

  

  Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of DMOG receptor regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the regul

• and LO are members of the lipoxygenase family

  2024-04-01

  

  5- and 12/15-LO are members of the lipoxygenase family that convert arachidonic adenosine receptor agonist into lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB) and 12()-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 15()-HETE, respectively. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies has shown that ac

• Di ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP is one of

  2024-04-01

  

  Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used environmental chemicals in the production of polyvinyl chloride. After Fucoidan into human body, DEHP can be converted to the metabolite mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), which has higher toxicity than DEHP and can influence reproduct

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune diseas

  2024-04-01

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies against targets on the postsynaptic muscle membrane cause neuromuscular transmission failure. About 85% of patients with MG have autoantibodies against SR 2595 mg receptor (AChR) [1]. In AChR negative MG patients ant

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